J. Pablo Franco
Interdisciplinary researcher on human decision-making and neuroscience
Who am I?
I am a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Centre for Brain, Mind and Markets at the University of Melbourne.
My primary focus lies in exploring the impact of computational resource constraints on decision-making processes. I am fascinated by how these constraints influence human capabilities and how individuals adapt their information-processing abilities accordingly. To delve into these questions, I integrate valuable insights from diverse fields, such as computational complexity, experimental economics, and neuroscience.
By employing computational complexity theory, I endeavour to precisely define the complexity of various tasks and analyze how it influences human decision-making. I investigate the ramifications of complexity on human problem-solving abilities and the intricate neural dynamics that underlie and support these processes.
I am also passionate about promoting digital literacy. For several years, I have supported the R/RStudio community at the University by teaching workshops and organizing conferences and coding events.
I earned my Doctor of Philosophy degree in Decision, Risk, and Financial Sciences from the University of Melbourne under the supervision of Carsten Murawski and Peter Bossaerts. Prior to my doctoral studies, I obtained a Bachelor's degree in Mathematics and a Bachelor's degree in Economics, both from Universidad de los Andes. Furthermore, I hold a Master's degree in Neuroeconomics from Maastricht University. In addition to my academic pursuits, I worked at the Central Bank of Colombia as an analyst in the financial stability department.
Key Publications
Harnessing Computational Complexity Theory to Model Human Decision-making and Cognition
A central aim of cognitive science is to understand the fundamental mechanisms that enable humans to navigate and make sense of complex environments. In this letter, we argue that computational complexity theory, a foundational framework for evaluating computational resource requirements, holds significant potential in addressing this challenge. As humans possess limited cognitive resources for processing vast amounts of information, understanding how humans perform complex cognitive tasks requires comprehending the underlying factors that drive information processing demands. Computational complexity theory provides a comprehensive theoretical framework to achieve this goal. By adopting this framework, we can gain new insights into how cognitive systems work and develop a more nuanced understanding of the relation between task complexity and human behaviour. We provide empirical evidence supporting our argument and identify several open research questions and challenges in applying computational complexity theory to human decision-making and cognitive science at large.
Two approaches to incorporate computational complexity into the study of cognition. (a) The set of cognitive functions is refined a priori based on notions of traceability. (b) Human behaviour is modelled based on intrinsic characteristics of the problem. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.13304
Generic properties of a computational task predict human effort and performance
It has been shown that computational hardness of cognitive tasks affects people’s effort and ability to solve problems reliably. However, prior empirical studies lack generality. They quantify computational hardness of tasks based on particular algorithms or for specific problems. Here, we propose a set of measures of computational hardness of individual instances of a task in a way that is independent of any algorithm or computational model and can be generalized to other problems. Specifically, we introduce two measures, typical-case complexity (TCC), a measure of average hardness of a random ensemble of instances, and instance complexity (IC), an instance-specific metric. Both measures are related to structural properties of instances. We then test the effect of those measures on human behavior by asking participants to solve instances of two variants of the 0-1 knapsack problem, a canonical and ubiquitous NP-hard problem. We find that participants spent more time on instances with higher TCC and IC, but that decision quality was lower in those instances. We propose that the study of mathematical properties of tasks related to computational hardness can contribute to the development of computationally plausible accounts of human decision-making, just like stochastic properties have proven to be critical to our understanding of human decisions in probabilistic tasks.
The neural dynamics associated with computational complexity
Many everyday tasks require people to solve computationally complex problems. However, little is known about the effects of computational hardness on the neural processes associated with solving such problems. Here, we draw on computational complexity theory to address this issue. We performed an experiment in which participants solved several instances of the 0-1 knapsack problem, a combinatorial optimization problem, while undergoing ultra-high field (7T) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Instances varied in two task-independent measures of intrinsic computational hardness: complexity and proof hardness. We characterise a network of brain regions whose activation was correlated with both measures but in distinct ways, including the anterior insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the intra-parietal sulcus/angular gyrus. Activation and connectivity changed dynamically as a function of complexity and proof hardness, in line with theoretical computational requirements. Overall, our results suggest that computational complexity theory provides a suitable framework to study the effects of computational hardness on the neural processes associated with solving complex cognitive tasks.
Task-independent metrics of computational hardness predict human cognitive performance
The survival of human organisms depends on our ability to solve complex tasks in the face of limited cognitive resources. However, little is known about the factors that drive the complexity of those tasks. Here, building on insights from computational complexity theory, we quantify the computational hardness of cognitive tasks using a set of task-independent metrics related to the computational resource requirements of individual instances of a task. We then examine the relation between those metrics and human behavior and find that they predict both time spent on a task as well as accuracy in three canonical cognitive tasks. Our findings demonstrate that performance in cognitive tasks can be predicted based on generic metrics of their inherent computational hardness.
Publications and more
Promoting Digital Literacy in Research
Contact me
Email: jpfranco@unimelb.edu.au